How to pronounce et al

1. How do you read et al in English?
2. What does et al mean sound?
3. Do I say et al out loud?
4. Is it et al or et al?
5. Do you capitalize et al?
6. Is it et al or et al Harvard?
7. Is et al formal?
8. Can you say et al in Harvard referencing?
9. How do you cite what someone said verbally?
10. How do you say et al in the middle of a sentence?
11. How do you cite a quote?
12. How do you cite people talking?

How do you read et al in English?

The abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors. Here's how it works: Only include the first author's last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).

What does et al mean sound?

There is a good deal of confusion surrounding et al., as is commonly the case with abbreviated Latin words (such as ibid., etc., and i.e.). Et al. comes from the Latin phrase meaning “and others.” It is usually styled with a period, but you will occasionally see et al as well.

Do I say et al out loud?

"et al." is an abbreviation. When read aloud, you pronounce the full term "et alii" (or "et alia") - same as you would say "et cetera" when reading aloud the "etc." abbreviation. Alternatively, you could say "and others" - same as you would say "for example" when reading aloud the "e.g." abbreviation.

Is it et al or et al?

Et al. is an abbreviation for et alia (neuter plural). But it can also be an abbreviation for et alii (masculine plural), or et aliae (feminine plural). This phrase means “and others.” Most commonly, et al. indicates other contributors (authors, editors, etc.)

Do you capitalize et al?

Is Et Al. Capitalized? In citations of sources, only the author's name must be capitalized. All style rules suggest that “et al.” is in lowercase.

Is it et al or et al Harvard?

If the work has two or three authors, include all names in your citation. If the work has four or more authors/editors the abbreviation 'et al. ' should be used after the first author's name. It is also acceptable to use 'et al.

Is et al formal?

“Etc.” is used widely in both formal and informal situations, while “et al.” is generally limited to formal academic writing. One lesser known use of “et al.” is as an abbreviation of “et alibi.” “Et alibi” translates to “and elsewhere.” It is used in academic writing to indicate locations that do not appear in a list.

Can you say et al in Harvard referencing?

“Et al.” is used in Harvard style to indicate that a source has four or more authors. By using “et al.”, writers can also avoid having very long citations that list every single author.

How do you cite what someone said verbally?

Verbally citing a source can be as simple as stating, "Dr. Bob, a Professor at Clemson University, stated in a 2019 Forbes article, ..." Other examples could be, "The World Health Organization published the following Zika virus statistics on April 12, 2016...," or "According to Neal's book we learned..."

How do you say et al in the middle of a sentence?

The phrase "et al."—from the Latin et alii, which literally means "and others"—must always be typed with a space between the two words and with a period after the "l" (since the "al." is an abbreviation). A comma does not follow the abbreviation unless the sentence's grammar requires it.

How do you cite a quote?

In-text citations include the last name of the author followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. "Here's a direct quote" (Smith 8). If the author's name is not given, then use the first word or words of the title. Follow the same formatting that was used in the works cited list, such as quotation marks.

How do you cite people talking?

You do not include personal communication in your reference list; instead, parenthetically cite the communicator's name, the phrase "personal communication," and the date of the communication in your main text only. (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2019).