Et al meaning

What does “et al.” mean? “Et al.” is an abbreviation of the Latin term “et alia,” which means “and others.” It's used in source citations to save space when there are too many authors to name them all.

What does et al means?
Is it OK to use et al in email?
Can you use et al for things?
Is et al formal?
How do I use et al?
How do you use et al in line?
Is et al professional?
How do you write et al legally?
Is et al still used?
Can I end a sentence with et al?
What verb to use after et al?
Do you use plural After et al?
Is et al used for 2 authors?
Do you use et al for 3 authors?
What is the difference between etc and et al?
Do you use et al for 3 authors?
How do you cite 3 authors in APA 7?
How do you cite 4 authors in APA?
What is the difference between etc and et al?
How do you address three authors?
How do you list multiple authors?
Why would a writer use et al?
How do you cite 4 authors in APA 7?
How do you cite 5 authors in APA 7th edition?
How do you cite 3/5 authors?
How do you cite 7 unknown authors in APA?
How do you cite 21 authors in APA?
Do you put comma before et al?

What does et al means?

Et al. is an abbreviation for et alia (neuter plural). But it can also be an abbreviation for et alii (masculine plural), or et aliae (feminine plural). This phrase means “and others.” Most commonly, et al. indicates other contributors (authors, editors, etc.)

Is it OK to use et al in email?

in an Email. Use it in an email greeting by saying, “Dear Mr. Smith et al.,” when there is more than one recipient. For punctuation, always follow the abbreviation with a period since it's short for “et alia” or “and others.”

Can you use et al for things?

should only be used to describe people. However, it is used (albeit infrequently) in reference to other things as well. Et al. is most commonly found in scholarly writing, especially when used to avoid having to list a number of different authors in a bibliography or footnote.

Is et al formal?

“Etc.” is used widely in both formal and informal situations, while “et al.” is generally limited to formal academic writing. One lesser known use of “et al.” is as an abbreviation of “et alibi.” “Et alibi” translates to “and elsewhere.” It is used in academic writing to indicate locations that do not appear in a list.

How do I use et al?

The abbreviation “et al.” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors. Here's how it works: Only include the first author's last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).

How do you use et al in line?

List only the first author's name followed by “et al.” in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources. In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only "al" should be followed by a period.

Is et al professional?

Et al. simply means “and others” in English. While et al. is one of many Latin phrases the English language has borrowed, it isn't as common as others. In fact, it appears almost exclusively in very formal writing, like scholarly text and academic publications.

How do you write et al legally?

It will appear after the last written name in a list of 3 or more authors or individuals. It should appear with a comma in front of it (as it is part of a list of names) and with a period at the end to denote that there is an abbreviation being used. For example: Smith, Johnson, Klein, et al.

Is et al still used?

But the abbreviated form, "et al.," is still what you would use to cite multiple authors. As long as you can remember how to write the abbreviation et al. in your papers, you're good to go!

Can I end a sentence with et al?

When you use other punctuation with et al., like a comma, it goes after the period. But if you're ending a sentence with et al., you don't need an additional period.

What verb to use after et al?

Plural vs. singular: Because a phrase ending in “et al.” refers to a group of people, use plural verbs when the “et al.” phrase is the subject.

Do you use plural After et al?

"et al." is generally used for papers with more than two authors. (Note that "et al." makes the subject plural if the authors are the subject of the sentence rather than the paper, so it is "Smith et al. [1] show" not "shows".

Is et al used for 2 authors?

MLA uses “et al.” for works with three or more authors, while Chicago calls for using it with four or more authors. APA format requires that you cite all of the authors at the first mention if there are three, four, or five, and use “et al.” afterward.

Do you use et al for 3 authors?

What is the difference between etc and et al?

As you can see, "et al." is used to indicate a continuation of a list of people, while "etc." is used to indicate a list of items. Similar to "etc.," "et al." always requires a period after “al,” no matter where it lands in the sentence.

Do you use et al for 3 authors?

How do you cite 3 authors in APA 7?

When you have 3 or more authors, you only use the first author's surname in text, and abbreviate the rest of the list with "et al." (Latin for "and others"). In your reference list, you list all of the authors (up to 20).

How do you cite 4 authors in APA?

Specifically, articles with one or two authors include all names in every in-text citation; articles with three, four, or five authors include all names in the first in-text citation but are abbreviated to the first author name plus et al.

What is the difference between etc and et al?

In a nutshell, et al. means “and others” and should be used when listing people, while etc. means “and the rest” and should be used when listing things.

How do you address three authors?

A Work by Three to Five Authors: List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the source. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.

How do you list multiple authors?

List by last names and initials; commas separate author names. After the first 19 authors' names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). There should be no more than twenty names in the citation in total.

Why would a writer use et al?

Et al. is used to simplify citations within your text or reference list. It lets the reader know that other authors have contributed to the work you're citing, without you having to list every author. Et al. is also used to simplify subsequent references to groups of coauthors that have already been cited in full.

How do you cite 4 authors in APA 7?

For a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity. To learn more about avoiding ambiguity in in-text citations, see pp.266-267 of the manual.

How do you cite 5 authors in APA 7th edition?

Book with Three to Five Authors or Editors

NOTE: The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is shortened to the first author's name followed by et al. and the year. References: Author Surname, First Initial.

How do you cite 3/5 authors?

3-5 Authors:

Provide all the authors' last names when you first refer to a document with 3-5 authors. Only list the first author with the Latin abbreviation "et al." for any subsequent references. Example: Jones, Chavez, Jackson, and Chen (2010) duplicated...

How do you cite 7 unknown authors in APA?

No Author. If no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title/name of the item you are citing instead. Follow the title/name of the item with the date of publication, and the continue with other citation details. Note: an author/creator won't necessarily be a person's name.

How do you cite 21 authors in APA?

21 authors or more

Use only the first author's last name followed by et al., for every use of the reference. List all authors up to 19 names. For 21 or more authors, include the first 19, then an ellipsis - ... - followed by the last author's name.

Do you put comma before et al?

In MLA style, a comma is generally only used before et al. in the “Author” slot of works-cited-list entries when the author's first and last names are reversed: Burdick, Anne, et al. Digital_Humanities.